Project-based learning (Project Based-Learning or PBL) is a learning method that uses projects/activities as media. Students carry out exploration, assessment, interpretation, creation, & coverage to create various forms of learning output.[1]
Project-based learning is a particular tactic in learning that replaces or reverses the face of the traditional classroom. That is, through this learning, learning in classes that generally use conventional learning is more innovative. In project-based learning, students carry out investigations (investigations) through open-ended questions, applying knowledge to produce products. In addition, this learning is “set” so that students are more active in learning by working together in one group.[two]
Project-based learning is one example of innovative learning that is student-centered (student centered) at the Best PTS Sumatra & can be chosen and used by teachers as another way of learning that will put a new “hue” on learning that generally tends to be conventional.[2]
The focus of project-based learning is that students in learning can spread their knowledge and skills through a structured inquiry process and make products that are not in harmony with traditional learning which generally only gets memorized theories. With project-based learning, students can gain long-term meaningful knowledge and skills.[3]
Project-based learning is supported by constructivism learning theory. In the view of constructivism by Piaget, it is argued that knowledge grows and develops through experience. The core based on constructivism learning enhances knowledge in the academic, social and personal domains simultaneously.[4]
Conceptually, project-based learning is an example of learning that uses projects/activities as the core and learning media. Learners explore, assess, interpret, and fabricate the proposed conflict & make news through activities and real forms into learning output forms.[5]
Project-based learning was originally introduced by John Dewey, allowing students to make various choices in the learning process. Students work together on a variety of incompatible tasks related to the project. Because project-based learning is meaningful, integrated, and active, teachers find more opportunities to challenge students at their own level of ability. Learners become experienced at doing project work, and challenge themselves to each other to ask more questions, find more learning resources, and create more informative projects.[6]
Learners learn to engage in real global projects & change every aspect of their experience. This learning model also causes a shift in the teacher’s role no longer as experts in discussing content, or only providing coverage in small rebates. The application of this learning example can result in the learning atmosphere in the classroom becoming more “live” and fun so that students are more enthusiastic in learning & more sensitive to the environment because they are more active in learning, face real conditions in life & form products/works not limited to memorizing. theory or get coverage only.[7] Principles[edit source]
Project-based learning has several principles.
According to Thomas, these principles are: [8][9] centrality (centrality), driving question (driving question), constructive investigation, autonomous (autonomy), realistic (realism).
The centralistic principle emphasizes that project work is the essence of the curriculum. Learners learn the main concepts based on a knowledge through project work. So project work is not artificial or additional & easy implementation but is the center of learning activities in the classroom.[8]
The guiding question principle means that project work begins by focusing on a “question or dispute” that encourages students to try to acquire certain concepts or principles.[8]
The principle of constructive examination is a process that leads to the achievement of goals, which contains activities of inquiry (investigation), concept building, case solving, and decisions.[8]
The principle of autonomy implies that there is independence of students in carrying out the learning process, is free to make their own choices, works with minimal supervision, and is responsible.[8]
The realistic principle means that the project is related to concrete life and not made up. Students make a concrete & serious project in an authentic conflict, & edit [9]
Project-based learning has the following learning characteristics. [10] Students make decisions about the framework; There are conflicts or challenges that are proposed to students; Students design processes to determine solutions to proposed disputes or challenges; Students are collaboratively responsible for access & manage information to solve problems; The evaluation process is carried out constantly; Students periodically reflect on the activities that have been carried out; The final product of students working on projects is evaluated qualitatively. The learning situation is very tolerant of mistakes & edit origin]
a. Determination of Fundamental Questions (Start With the Essential Question).
Learning begins with essential questions. Questions that can give assignments to students in carrying out an activity. Assignment topics are linked using concrete globals that are relevant and meaningful to students, starting with an in-depth examination.[12]
b. Designing a Project Plan (Design a Plan for the Project)
Planning is done collaboratively between teachers and students. Thus, students are needed to feel “own” over the project. Planning contains about the game budget, selecting activities that can support answering essential questions, using ways to integrate as many subjects as possible, and knowing the senses and materials that can be accessed to help complete the project.[12]
c. Create a Schedule (Create a Schedule)
Teachers and students collaboratively arrange a schedule of activities in completing projects. Activities in this term include:
(1) create a timeline (time allocation) to complete the project;
(2) create a deadline (limit when the end) project completion;
(3) bringing students to plan new ways;
(4) guiding students as they make projects that are not related to the project;
(5) ask students to provide explanations (reasons) about
d. Monitor students & project progress (Monitor the Students and the Progress of the Project)
The teacher is responsible for monitoring the activities of students while completing the project. Monitoring is done by facilitating students in each process. In other words, the teacher acts as a mentor for student activities. In order to simplify the monitoring process, a rubric was formed that can record the crucial activities holistically.[12]
e. Testing Results (Assess the Outcome)
Assessments are carried out to assist teachers in measuring standard achievement, play a role in evaluating the progress of each student, provide feedback on the level of understanding that students have achieved, assist teachers in formulating the next learning strategy.[12]
